Influence of fuel mass load, oxygen supply and burning rate on emission factor and size distribution of carbonaceous particulate matter from indoor corn straw burning

The uncertainty in emission estimation is strongly associated with the variation in emission factor (EF), which could be influenced by a variety of factors such as fuel properties, stove type, fire management and even methods used in measurements. The impacts of these factors are complicated and often interact with each other. Controlled burning experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of fuel mass load, air supply and burning rate on the emissions and size distributions of carbonaceous particulate matter (PM) from indoor corn straw burning in a cooking stove. The results showed that the EFs of PM (EF_PM), organic carbon (EF_OC) and elemental carbon (EF_EC) were independent of the fuel mass load. The differences among them under different burning rates or air supply amounts were also found to be insignificant (p > 0.05) in the tested circumstances. PM from the indoor corn straw burning was dominated by fine PM with diameter less than 2.1 μm, contributing 86.4% ± 3.9% of the total. The size distribution of PM was influenced by the burning rate and air supply conditions. On average, EF_PM, EF_OC and EF_EC for corn straw burned in a residential cooking stove were (3.84 ± 1.02), (0.846 ± 0.895) and (0.391 ± 0.350) g/kg, respectively. EF_PM, EF_OC and EF_EC were found to be positively correlated with each other (p < 0.05), but they were not significantly correlated with the EF of co-emitted CO, suggesting that special attention should be paid to the use of CO as a surrogate for other incomplete combustion pollutants.