Increasing role of phenolic oxidative branch in daytime oxidation process of aromatics in Chinese haze period

To understand the photooxidation mechanisms of aromatic compounds in the NOx-rich atmosphere, gaseous aromatics and their oxidization products (i.e., methyl glyoxal (MGLY), and nitrated phenols (NPs) including nitrophenols (NPhs) and methylnitrophenols (MNPs)) were measured with a 1-h time resolution on Chongming Island, a downwind region of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) metropolitans of China in winter 2019 by using a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). During the entire observation period, concentrations of the measured VOCs were 9.6 ± 7.1 ppbv for aromatics, 118 ± 59 pptv for MGLY, 36 ± 10 pptv for NPhs, and 9.3 ± 2.8 pptv for MNPs, respectively. Secondary NPs (SNPs) accounted for only 19–24 % of the total nitrated phenols during the clean and transition periods but increased to 44 % of the total on the hazy days. Moreover, the daytime mixing ratios of SNPs increased along with an increasing NO₂ concentration during the clean and transition periods, but in the haze period the daytime SNPs first increased along with the increasing NO₂ levels and then increased much more sharply when NO₂ was >25 ppbv. Such highly proportional and sharply increased daytime SNPs in the haze period indicated an enhanced phenolic oxidation under the high NOx conditions. In addition, the lack of correlations between aromatics and MGLY, increased MGLY_aro (MGLY produced by aromatics), and sharply increased ΔSNPs / Δ(benzene + toluene) further suggested that such an increasing role of the phenolic oxidative branch in the daytime oxidation process of aromatics during the YRD haze period was caused by the strong atmospheric oxidation capacity and the high level of NOx.