In Vitro Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitory, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities of Alkaloids from the Seeds of Nigella glandulifera

Four new dolabellane-type diterpene alkaloids, glandulamines A-D (1 - 4), together with twelve known compounds (5 - 16), were isolated from the seeds of Nigella glandulifera using repeated column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC. The structures of 1 - 16 were elucidated based on NMR data analysis, HRMS experiments and other spectroscopic interpretations. The absolute configuration of 5 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data for the first time. Compounds 10 and 12 showed human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitory activity with IC ₅₀ values of 61.1 ± 5.3 and 45.9 ± 3.0 μM, respectively. Molecular docking of the active compound 12 and positive control teriflunomide on the inhibitor-binding site of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase was subsequently performed to visualize the interaction pattern. In addition, compounds 8 and 10 exhibited inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production with inhibition rates of 61 and 41%, respectively, at the concentration of 10 μM. Compounds 9 and 12 showed cytotoxic activities with cell viability varying from 29 ~ 57% at 100 μM against T98G, U87, U251, and GL261 glioma cancer cell lines. These data provide new insights on the pharmacologically active compounds of this plant widely used in folk medicine.