Impact assessment of land use change in center district of Shanghai based on ecosystem services value

Based on Costanza's unit ecosystem services value (ESV) and specific situation of China, the variation of ecosystem services (ES) caused by land use change was assessed in center district of Shanghai from 1947 to 2006. The total ESV decreased 87.96% from 1947 to 2006. The changing process of ESV could be divided into gradual decreased period, rapid decreased period, slowing decreased period and gradual increased period. In the four periods, the variations of ESV were -278.90 × l0⁴, -2451.60 × l0⁴, -88.89 × l0⁴ and 36.66 × l0⁴ yuan/a, respectively. Except 4 categories: erosion control and sediment retention, refugia, cultural, and disturbance regulation, the ESV of the other 13 categories were all decreased. In the recent 20 years, the rapid increases of green open space area and cover rate were the major reasons which induced the ESV of refugia, erosion control and sediment retention increased greatly. Because of the water area disappeared continuously, the ESV of water regulation and water supply decreased mostly among the 13 decreased categories of ecosystem services, and the contribution rates of the 2 categories to the total ESV variation were 63.74% and 24.33%, respectively. The ESV of green open space, residential district and public building were increased besides of water. The ESV of green open space increased most quickly with a 19.45% annual growth rate among all land use types. The contribution rates of water, cultivated land, green open space, residential district and public building to the variation of total ESV in center district were 99.57%, 5.09%, -4.09%, -0.34% and -0.22%, respectively.