How green space quantity and quality across different geographic contexts impact mental health

Studies on the impact of urban green space on mental health have attracted attention due to the rapid pace of urbanization and increased mobility. While studies have focused on the relationship between green space and mental health in residential spaces, few have investigated the differences in this connection across various geographic contexts. Based on individual diary data from Shanghai, this study examined the pathways between green space and mental health in residential spaces, activity spaces, and travel spaces. Three pathways, namely, physical activity, social activity, and psychological stress, were investigated via structural equation models. The results show that the effects of green space exposure on mental health vary depending on the measurement of green space and geographic context. Residential areas with higher green space quantity positively impact mental health through increased physical activities, while those with diverse flower colors have a positive impact by reducing psychological stress. Social and physical activities mediate the relationship between green space quantity and mental health in activity spaces. Social activities can mediate the connection between flower color diversity and mental health in both activity and travel spaces. We propose that the rational layout and effective connection of green spaces should be considered in different geographic contexts.