Giant Enhancement of Air Lasing by Complete Population Inversion in N2+

A fine manipulation of population transfer among molecular quantum levels is a key technology for control of molecular processes. When a light field intensity is increased to the TW-PW cm-2 level, it becomes possible to transfer a population to specific excited levels through nonlinear light-molecule interaction, but it has been a challenge to control the extent of the population transfer. We deplete the population in the X2ςg+(v=0) state of N2+ almost completely by focusing a dual-color (800 nm and 1.6 μm) intense femtosecond laser pulse in a nitrogen gas, and make the intensity of N2+ lasing at 391 nm enhanced by 5-6 orders of magnitude. By solving a time-dependent Schrödinger equation describing the population transfer among the three lowest electronic states of N2+, we reveal that the X2ςg+(v=0) population is depleted by the vibrational Raman excitation followed by the electronic excitation A2Πu(v=2,3,4)←X2ςg+(v=1)←X2ςg+(v=0), resulting in the excessive population inversion between the B2ςu+(v=0) and X2ςg+(v=0) states. Our results offer a promising route to efficient population transfer among vibrational and electronic levels of molecules by a precisely designed intense laser field.