Future directions of environmental chemistry

The Earth's environment is mainly composed of the aerosphere, hydrosphere, pedosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere, which constitute a large interactive system. Once entering the environment, chemical pollutants will migrate and transform through the atmosphere, water, soil, rock, and organisms, and thus retain in all layers. For example, heavy metal pollutants can be found not only in the hydrosphere, pedosphere, lithosphere, but also in organisms via food chain and air in the form of solid dust. Therefore, it is not reasonable to study a certain pollutant restricted to a single layer.