Energy prediction and reliable clustering routing protocol for multilevel energy heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks, which is utilized in a broad foreground, is able to monitor and collect various information for location-aware or context-aware systems in ubiquitous computing environment. This paper proposes a novel remaining energy prediction model and reliable clustering routing protocol for multilevel energy heterogeneous wireless sensor networks in ubiquitous computing environment, in which a node, according to energy prediction mechanism, independently makes its decision to compete for becoming a master cluster head in order to optimize routing, improve energy efficiency and prolong system lifetime. In addition, this protocol selects multi-cluster-heads in every cluster together as one cluster head, performing data fusion and data transmission so that data transmission reliability is enhanced. The results of simulation show that compared with LEACH and HEED protocol, the RCR protocol could lead to prolong sensor networks lifetime, improve energy efficiency and enhance data transmission reliability.