Effects of plant density and age on the mating system of Kandelia candel Druce (Rhizophoraceae), a viviparous mangrove species

Mating system is an important factor affecting gene flow and genetic structure of plant populations. Based on identification of chlorophyll-deficient offsprings on heterozygous individuals, selfing rates were estimated for Kandelia candel, a viviparous mangrove species. Outcrossing rates were significantly decreased when population was thinned, indicating that plant density plays an important role in plant reproductive features. Selfing rate of young population was significantly higher than that of mature population, due to pollen flow barriers in young population, created by dense leaves and twigs.