Concomitant flow and space variations of evapotranspiration due to changes in LUCC under seawater intrusion in a coastal region

This paper provides a coherent pattern identification analysis of coastal land use and land cover (LULC) under the impact of seawater intrusion. This study analysis applied the 4-, 3-, and 2-band false color composite Landsat satellite data to characterize the LULC in the study area. The evapotranspiration (ET) and heat fluxes were estimated by using the SEBAL model with two-time phase thermal infrared band images and regional surface parameters. Our findings are as follows: 1) Due to its distance from the sea, the vegetation index gradually increases as the level of land use gradually increased. 2) The different influences of seawater intrusion in the study area resulted in significantly different influences of land surface parameters (LST, G_n, MSAVI, and Uindex) on ET. There are a variety of types of relational patterns between parameters (LST, G_n, MSAVI and Uindex) and ET (positive, negative, and no relationship). 3) Seawater intrusion significantly affected the spatial pattern of LUCC, which evidently affected the spatial distribution of ET. The spatial distribution pattern and change characteristics of ET were formed by double driving forces of seawater intrusion and LUCC under the background effects of regional climate.