Coherence Protection of Electron Spin in Earth-Field Range by All-Optical Dynamic Decoupling

In recent years, unshielded atomic systems have been attracting researchers’ attention, in which decoherence is one of the major problems, especially for high-precision measurements. The nonlinear Zeeman effect and magnetic field gradient are the main decoherence sources of atomic electron spin in the Earth-field range. Here, we propose a method to cancel out the two dominant broadening effects simultaneously by an all-optical dynamic decoupling approach based on Raman scattering in the Zeeman sublevels. By adjusting the parameters of the Raman lasers, we realize spin control along an arbitrary direction. We analyze the state evolution of atomic spin under the Raman light-control sequence in detail. The results show that both the nonlinear Zeeman effect and magnetic field gradient can be significantly suppressed.