Anthropogenic As pollution mediated by submarine groundwater discharge in a marine ranch

Arsenic (As) pollution, is a global problem, threatening human health and ecological security, especially in the bay environment with dense population and human activities. Among potential pathways of As into the bay, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has not received adequate attention due to its invisibility. We determined As and ²²²Rn activity concentrations in different water mass. Spatial variation of dissolved As concentration in the groundwater was large and attributed to the adjacent local industries. By combining ²²²Rn mass balance modeling with As concentrations measured, the SGD-derived As fluxes was conservatively estimated to be 1310 kg As d⁻¹ and 5880 kg As d⁻¹ in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The migration of arsenic may be enhanced by rainfall and dissolved carbon. The amount of SGD derived As input to the bay was greater than the total combined As input from river discharge, atmosphere, sewage drainage, and diffusion from sediment.