An advanced hybrid smoothed particle hydrodynamics–fluid implicit particle method on adaptive grid for condensation simulation

In this article, we propose a novel hybrid framework by combining smoothed particle hydrodynamics and adaptive narrow band fluid implicit particle method (NB-FLIP) to faithfully model the multiphysical processes involving heat transfer and phase transition, and to precisely simulate the dynamics of condensed droplets moving along intricate objects. We first formulate a governing physical model built upon an improved phase transition model and an augmented on-surface drop analysis method to achieve realistic condensation effects over intricate hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface. To achieve both high-fidelity interactions and high-resolution visual effects, we further develop an adaptive NB-FLIP solver with octree-dictated background grid in order to further enhance the performance of our framework. Experimental results have shown that our approach can be used to efficiently and realistically simulate the small-scale interaction details between condensed drops and complex objects with arbitrary geometry.