2016—2021 年江苏省扬州市 PM_2.5 中多环芳烃的来源解析及健康风险评价

This study explored the seasonal distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM_2.5) in Yangzhou City from 2016 to 2021, aiming to apportion PM_2.5-bounded PAHs to main source categories and estimate the carcinogenic risks of total PAH. PM_2.5 samples were collected from October 2016 to December 2021, and sixteen PAHs were analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Source apportionment was conducted via the diagnostic ratio method and positive matrix factorization (PMF) method. The inhalation-related carcinogenic risks of PAHs to adults and children were assessed using BaP toxicity equivalent method and the individual lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model. PM_2.5 concentrations ranged from 2 µg·m⁻³ to 483 µg·m⁻³, with the ∑PAHs concentration from 0.43 ng·m⁻³ to 76.63 ng·m⁻³. Both PM_2.5 and ∑PAHs concentrations were the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. Among different PAHs ring structures, 4-ring PAHs accounted for the largest proportion (49.14%), while 2-ring PAHs were the least prevalent (0.79%). The source apportionment results indicated that the local air pollutants were primarily from coal combustion, biomass burning, and vehicle emissions. The average total carcinogenic risk over the study period was 3.504×10⁻⁶ for adults, higher than that for children (0.943×10⁻⁶). The risk only existed in winter for children, while adults were at risk in spring, autumn, and winter. Stringent regulations targeting the PM_2.5-bounded PAHs, especially those from vehicle emission and coal combustion, are warranted for the health benefits of both adults and children in Yangzhou City.