餐厨垃圾生物处理过程中VOCs的产生与控制研究进展

Food waste can produce a large number of secondary pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the bio-treatment process that includes aerobic composting, anaerobic fermentation, and landfill, which harm the environment and human health. In this review, the mechanism, emission characteristics, and control methods of VOCs in the food waste bio-treatment process were summarized, which could benefit research of the generation mechanism and control methods of VOCs. The results showed that there were more than 100 types of VOCs produced by food waste. The concentration of VOCs produced by aerobic composting, anaerobic fermentation, and sanitary landfill was 57.40-12 736.72 mg/kg, 25.98-29.19 mg/m³, and 106.2-1 103.7 mg/m³, respectively. The components of VOCs released from food waste are complex and are greatly influenced by treatment time, season, technology, and other factors. Current control technologies of VOCs include adsorption purification, biological purification, and thermal combustion. Adsorption purification is simple and inexpensive; however, it has poor thermal stability and small adsorption capacity. Thermal combustion is suitable for VOCs of small gas volume from anaerobic digestion; however, it has the disadvantages of high energy consumption and large limitations. Compared with other control methods, biological purification has the advantages of a wide application range, low energy consumption, low secondary pollution, and high removal efficiency. This can be used as the main control method of VOCs in the bio-treatment process of food waste. The key research and technological breakthroughs for the future include determining the microbial mechanism of VOCs in the bio-treatment of food waste, optimizing the control parameters, and improving the overall removal efficiency.