碳基材料对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化效率和微生物群落的影响研究进展

Anaerobic digestion is a biological technique for food waste (FW) treatment, allowing the recovery of renewable energy, but there are problems of poor system stability and low efficiency at present. However, addition of carbon-based materials can enhance the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of food waste and can have a positive impact on system operation. This paper presents an overview of the effect of carbon-based materials (biochar, activated carbon, and carbon cloth) as additives in anaerobic digestion system of food waste, focusing on the changes in methane production and microbial communities. The main players are as follows: (i) stability of anaerobic digestion system; (ii) direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET); (iii) microbial community. Previous work reported that carbon-based materials can promote the efficiency of methane production through anaerobic digestion of food waste, with an increase in methane production by 1.1%-1 685%, and a decrease in methanogenic lag period by 27.5%-95.7%. Besides, carbon-based materials addition could modulate the community structure of bacteria and archaea in the anaerobic digestion system. Carbon-based materials are capable of promoting the syntrophic metabolism of microorganisms by selectively enriching functional microorganisms, thereby affecting system stability and methanogenic efficiency. It is therefore suggested that in the future research on anaerobic digestion of food waste, we should focus on the separation and recovery methods of carbon-based materials from the continuous operation systems. Also, the strategies implementing the addition of carbon-materials under different anaerobic digestion conditions should be optimized, and the mechanisms of action of carbon-based materials on microorganisms using metabolomics should be investigated.