微生物电解池催化 CO₂ 电转化为甲烷:影响因素、电子传递和展望

Fossil fuels have been the main source of energy supply, and their combustion leads to the release of a large amount of CO₂ and the greenhouse effect. The capture and reuse of CO₂ have attracted more and more attention. Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), a new CO₂ reuse technology, can achieve CO₂ fixation by combining electroactive microorganisms with electrochemical stimulation to recycle CO₂ into low-carbon fuels (such as CH₄) through bioelectrochemical action and energy recovery. Although there have many researches in the field of MEC in recent years, there are still many problems which hinder the scale and industrialization of this technology. This paper compares the working principle of CO₂-electrochemical methanogenesis, key factors affecting performance, bio-cathode electroactive functional microorganisms and their extracellular electron transfer mechanism, and the latest research progress of electrocatalytic coupling technology. We also presents the future research needs and challenges of MEC CO₂-electrochemical methanogenesis technology.