同步辐射 X 射线成像技术在脑成像研究中的应用

The diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases，the exploration of advanced brain function mechanisms and the understanding of the origin of consciousness are of great significance to brain research. Imaging techniques have played an important role in elucidating the structure and function of the nervous system in brain science. So far，magnetic resonance imaging，optical imaging and electron microscopy imaging have provided powerful means for brain research and have made outstanding progress. Synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy imaging technology has the advantages of high resolution，fast imaging speed，and high penetration depth. It is a new type of brain imaging technology that complements existing technologies. In this review，we first briefly introduce the application of imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging，optical imaging and electron microscopy imaging in the field of brain imaging，and focuse on the advantages of synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy and its application in brain structure and function imaging. On this basis，we propose the future development direction of the application of synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy in brain research，and discuss the advantages and feasibility of this technology in mapping human brain connectivity.