印度洋-西太平洋海洋动物谱系地理演化格局

The globally highest primary productivity and fishery production have been observed in the Indo-West Pacific due to many wide continental shelves, islands, and marginal seas over there. Especially, as the centers of biodiversity terrestrial materials input and the energy fluxes between the two oceans, the East Indies Triangle played an important role in spatial distribution and evolution of global marine species. By linking physical and chemical oceanographic conditions, we summarized the phylogeographic patterns of regional marine fauna in the Indo-West Pacific based on mitochondrial and nuclear genomics. (1) In coastal China seas, the Leizhou Peninsula-Hainan Island, glacial exposed Taiwan Strait, Changjiang (Yangtze) River Plume, and old Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary acted as physical barriers and biogeographic boundaries to limit marine organisms' migration among seas. In general, widespread marine species from the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea possess a single star-like clade suggesting recent population expansion, and some endemic species in the South China Sea are composed of multiple divergent clades indicating genetic equilibrium population. Furthermore, regional populations showed different population dynamic histories related to different oceanographic conditions between the South China Sea and East China Sea. (2) Along the route of the Kuroshio flowing in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, the main axis and branches of Kuroshio could have acted as biogeographical barriers to limit gene flow of coastal species among mainland China, Ryukyu Islands, main Japanese Islands, and Korean Peninsula. (3) The two clades separated by the Wallace's Line, Huxley's Line, and Indian Ocean-Pacific Ocean's Line were usually observed in marine and anadromous saltwater species from the East Indies Triangle. (4) An across-equatorial gene flow perpendicular to present ocean surface currents was observed in different marine species between the northwest Pacific and southwest Pacific due to north-flowing subsurface current and seasonal reversal of coastal surface current. (5) Some species shared by the East Indian Ocean and West Indian Ocean originated generally from the East Indian Ocean and migrated to West Indian Ocean through transoceanic dispersal carried by the west flowing South Equatorial Current. (6) Two different patterns of genetic structure, viz. genetic homogeneous (stochasticly mixed) population and deeply divergent populations/lineages were often observed in different species from the West Indian Ocean. (7) Bidirectional gene flow could be responsible for shared marine species between the South China Sea and northeastern Indian Ocean. (8) Some evolutional signals of ancient geologic events, palaeo-oceanographic conditions and climatic events can be implicated by phylogeographic histories of different marine species due to co-evolution among them.