中国高新技术产业人才不同就业阶段的分布格局及其影响因素

As China transitions to high-quality economic development, the innovation-driven growth model places increasing demand on the high-tech industry, highlighting the critical role of high-tech talent in enhancing regional competitiveness. Existing studies have primarily focused on talent distribution patterns at national or provincial levels, with limited exploration at the city level. Furthermore, most studies concentrate on the distribution patterns and influencing factors at a single stage, treating talented individuals as a homogeneous group without a comparative analysis of the differences in talent distribution across employment stages, educational qualifications, or school levels. To address these gaps, in this study, we employed big data on high-tech talent resumes spanning 2003 to 2021 using spatial analysis techniques and spatial econometric models to examine the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors of high-tech talent across different employment stages at the urban scale. Additionally, we explored the heterogeneity of the influencing factors at various educational qualifications and institutional levels. The results reveal the following. First, high-tech talents in China are predominantly clustered in economically developed eastern coastal regions, provincial capitals, municipalities, and urban agglomerations. Compared with the initial employment stage, the spatial concentration of high-tech individuals intensified during the current employment stage. The number of dense clusters in the eastern coastal regions decreased, whereas the number of non-dense clusters in the western and northeastern regions increased. A strengthened "high-high" clustering pattern around central cities in urban agglomerations reflects the increasing preference for high-tech talents in such areas. Second, the factors influencing the distribution of talented individuals differ significantly across employment stages, and are shaped by economic conditions, amenities, talent policies, and administrative hierarchies. Economic factors, particularly income levels, play a dominant role during the initial employment stage, whereas amenities become more influential in the current stage, reflecting a growing focus on quality of life as material needs are met. Talent policies significantly affected talent distribution at both stages. Third, the distribution of high-tech individuals exhibits heterogeneity across educational qualifications and university tiers. High human capital groups, such as postgraduate degree holders and graduates from "double first-class" universities, demonstrate a stronger preference for amenity factors, particularly during the current employment stage. These findings have important implications for understanding talent distribution dynamics, optimizing talent allocation, and fostering supportive environments for talent development. This underscores the urgent need for effective management of high-tech talent mobility, formulation of targeted and actionable talent policies, and enhancement of talent governance modernization.