中国企业 R&D 全球化与创新能力升级:一个区位-关系视角的解释框架

Geography has obvious theoretical advantages in explaining the globalization of enterprises' R&D. Based on the theory of international direct investment and the relevant theories of economic geography, this paper constructs an analytical framework for the globalization of Chinese enterprises' R&D from the two dimensions of location and relationship, and takes Huawei as an example to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of enterprise R&D globalization and the interaction mechanism between R&D globalization and enterprise innovation capability upgrading, so as to confirm the applicability of the interpretation framework. The study believes that the independent innovation ability and technology absorption ability accumulated by enterprises in related fields are the prerequisites for their R&D globalization. On this basis, choosing a suitable location to continue to deploy overseas R&D centers, making full use of the technical advantages and rich innovation resources of the host country, and relying on good inter-state relations and the cooperation network relationship between Chinese enterprises and host country enterprises, universities and research institutes are important strategic choices for enterprises to obtain innovation resources and knowledge spillover to achieve technological upgrading. However, in the context of increasingly fierce global science and technology competition and the prevalence of trade protectionism, the changes in inter-state relations have had a great impact on the R&D globalization of Chinese enterprises, and should also be regarded as an important factor for Chinese enterprises to consider overseas R&D investment. Finally, drawing on Huawei's R&D globalization development experience, suggestions are made for Chinese enterprises to choose appropriate locations to effectively implement overseas R&D investment to enhance their innovation capabilities. At the same time, it also provides theoretical and case support for relevant departments to formulate policies and measures to encourage Chinese enterprises to go global.